Indian Navy on A High - Growth Trajectory

Nitin Gokhale,
Visiting Fellow, VIF

Last week, Vikramaditya, formerly Adm. Gorshkov, a 45,000-tonne displacement aircraft carrier built in Russia began its sea trials, six months before it is handed over to the Indian Navy on December 4, the Navy Day.

This week, four frontline warships are on a port call in Shanghai at the end of a sustained overseas deployment as part of India’s ‘Look East Policy’. The four IN ships, Rana, Shivalik, Karmukh and Shakti, under the command of Rear Admiral P Ajit Kumar, Flag Officer Commanding Eastern Fleet are on an operational deployment to the South China Sea and North West Pacific. Earlier in the deployment, the first bi-lateral maritime exercise between India and Japan 'JIMEX 12' (Japan India Maritime Exercise) was conducted, coinciding with commemoration of 60 years of diplomatic relations between India and Japan.

According to the Indian Navy even as the four ships of the Eastern Fleet are in the South China Sea, another ship, INS Savitri is currently in Port Victoria, Seychelles. INS Savitri will participate in the National Day celebrations of Seychelles and thereafter be deployed for about two months to undertake surveillance of the Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ) of Seychelles and Mauritius. The Indian Navy continues to maintain one Dornier aircraft in Seychelles to provide aerial surveillance for the Seychelles EEZ. Another Dornier aircraft is actively flying from Maldives to meet Maldivian requirements of EEZ surveillance and anti-piracy patrols.

INS Tabar is on a sustained deployment in the Gulf of Aden on convoy escort and anti-piracy patrol.

Four ships of the Western Fleet have just begun on an overseas deployment to Horn of Africa, Red Sea and the Western Mediterranean under the command of Rear Admiral AR Karve, Flag Officer Commanding, and Western Fleet.

Suddenly, the Indian Navy is the service to watch out for.

Quietly, it has gathered pace in acquisition and modernisation together. Currently it is in the middle of a planned expansion designed to cater to emerging maritime security challenges in the Indian Ocean Region and beyond.

For instance, in April, India’s latest naval base, INS Dweeprakshak (Island protector) was put into operation at Kavaratti in Lakshawadeep, the tiny island chain, southwest of Kerala. Although the Indian Navy has had a small presence on the strategically important islands for the past decade, its decision to open a permanent base emanated from recent incidents of piracy very close to these islands. At least 100 pirates were caught and several piracy attempts foiled in the vicinity by the Indian Navy in recent times.

In a statement, the Navy said: “Indian Navy has been operating a detachment at Kavaratti since early eighties. With the commissioning of INS Dweeprakshak, the island territories would see calibrated strengthening of assets in step with their growing relevance to the security calculus of the Nation. A firmer footing in the islands, which are spread out astride some of the busiest shipping lanes of the world would provide the necessary wherewithal to the Indian Navy to discharge its responsibilities suitably. Indian Naval Warships on patrol would now extend their reach farther with base support from INS Dweeprakshak.”

The establishment of this base is in keeping with the announcement made by the Chief of Naval Staff, Adm. Nirmal Verma. “The Navy is also in the process of setting up Operational Turn Around (OTR) bases, Forward Operating Bases and Naval Air Enclaves along the coast which would enhance the reach and sustainability of our surveillance effort. ..in 2011the Navy has provided a renewed impetus and focus towards creation of operational and administrative infrastructure in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands and the Lakshadweep and Minicoy Islands. These islands are the country’s strategic outposts and augmentation of the facilities would enhance our reach and enable extended presence in the area,” he had said in December2011.

The Navy’s long-term Maritime Capabilities Perspective Planning fact has identified a mix of two major roles for the force: One, the traditional blue water operational capability and two, a plan to effectively counter threats closer to the coast.

According to the report of the Standing Committee on Defence, tabled in Parliament in the last week of April, the Navy’s short-term plan has the following objectives:

• Augment airborne maritime surveillance, strike, Anti Submarine Warfare and air defence capability through induction of shore-based aircraft, integral helos, carrier based aircraft, space based AIS and UAVs, along with suitable weapons and sensors
• Build adequate standoff capability for sea lift and Expeditionary Operations to achieve desired power projection force levels, influence events ashore and undertake Military Operations Other Than War.
• Induct assets and develop suitable infrastructure to augment forces available for Low Intensity Maritime Operations (LIMO), protection of off- shore assets and Coastal Security framework.
• Induct force multipliers like satellite based global communications, reconnaissance and network enabled platforms to achieve Battle-Space dominance capability and perform network centric operations.
• Induct state-of-the-art equipment and specialised platforms for Special Forces to enhance niche capabilities to conduct Maritime Intervention Operations and other envisaged roles.
• Develop support infrastructure in island territories to support the planned force levels as well as support infrastructure for ships/submarines/aircrafts at ports and airbases.

Given the extensive plans presented to the Parliament, it is evident now that the Indian Navy is in the middle of its most ambitious expansion plan in the past three decades. Senior officers point out that the Indian Navy’s perspective-planning in terms of ‘force-levels’ is now driven by a conceptual shift from ‘numbers’ of platforms -- that is, from the old ‘bean-counting’ philosophy -- to one that concentrates upon ‘capabilities’.

Naval HQ says 50 modern ships are currently on order with majority being built Indian shipyards. The Parliament’s Standing Committee on Defence was informed last month that while Indian shipyards have made remarkable progress in building hulls and associated equipment but still lag behind in building and manufacturing weapons and sensors.

Traditionally the Indian Navy has sourced most of its ships from the former Soviet Union but over the past decade, defence planners have leaned hard on Indian shipbuilding yards to deliver a variety of warship for the Indian Navy.

Two stealth ships—INS Shivalik and INS Satpura-- commissioned recently have been designed and built by public sector Mazgaon Docks Limited. The order books of India’s oldest government-owned shipbuilders are full with the Navy wanting four more such guided missile frigates over the next five years.

There are more acquisitions in the pipeline. They include: four anti-submarine corvettes, four guided missile destroyers, three stealth frigates, six Scorpene submarines (being built at Mazgaon Docks with French technology and help) and two nuclear-powered submarines.

India’s conventional diesel-powered submarine fleet is down to single digits right now but with the Russian-built Nerpa class nuclear submarine (leased for a decade) joining service earlier this year, the submarine arm has got a major boost. But the biggest force accretion in recent years has come in the form of Boeing P-8i long range maritime reconnaissance (LRMR) plane that gives the Indian Navy a reach and capability to mount surveillance way beyond its traditional areas of influence.

According to its near-term plans, the Indian Navy has ambitions to become a three Battle Carrier Groups force by 2020. While its most prestigious acquisition—Russian Aircraft Carrier Admiral Gorshkov, renamed INS Vikramaditya—is likely to be inducted into the fleet latest by March 2013, one more carrier being built indigenously will most likely join the service by 2015.

Currently India operates a lone Aircraft Carrier, INS Viraat, a British-built 1960s vintage ship that is on an extended lease of life thanks to the Navy’s innovative engineers and planners. Vikramaditya, once inducted, will give India the much needed edge inits maritime capabilities since it will come with the latest MiG-29 K series ofaircraft. Indian Naval Aviators are already hard at work training themselves onthe planes but away from the ship.

Defence Minister AK Antony in fact told the Naval Commanders Conference last month: “India’s strategic location in the Indian Ocean and the professional capability of our Navy bestows upon us a natural ability to play a leading role in ensuring peace and stability in the Indian Ocean Region.”

Little wonder than the US wants India and especially the Indian Navy to play a major role in its quest to form new and lasting regional alliances in Asia as articulated by visiting secretary of defence Leon Panetta.

The author is a journalist with 30 years experience and the Security & Strategic Affairs Editor with Indian broadcaster NDTV

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Published Date: 19^th June 2012 

(http://www.vifindia.org/article/2012/june/19/indian-navy-on-a-high-growth-trajectory)

The Veiled Vipers in action

 The newly-inducted C-130J Hercules medium lift tactical transport aircraft practiced an operational combat airlift early this week.


According to the Indian Air Force, this was to hone the operational capability of the latest addition to its fleet. 

The C-130Js bought from the US are tactical transport aircraft capable of flying  low levels undetected and landing at assault strips.




  

All photographs: Courtesy IAF

Two of my latest articles

My latest piece in The Diplomat
 http://the-diplomat.com/2012/06/12/why-india-snubbed-u-s/?all=true )

And in Defence & Security Alert on Anti-Maoist campaign

http://www.dsalert.co.in/files/June_2012_Nitin_Gokhale.pdf

Why India snubbed US

The U.S. might hope for a closer military and strategic alliance with India. But don’t expect New Delhi to get excited about the proposal.

• India’s Central Asia Soft Power
• The Trouble With India’s Military
• U.S.-India Ties: Pivot Problems
• India Comes Calling on Japan
• India, Japan Eye Nuclear Road Bump

If he felt any disappointment at not achieving any substantial breakthrough in talks with Indian Defense Minister A.K. Antony, U.S. Defense Secretary Leon Panetta didn’t show it publicly. On a swing through Asia that started with Singapore’s annual Shangri-La Dialogue, Panetta had hoped to bring the Indian defense establishment on board for a rebalancing strategy that many believe is aimed squarely at China.

But it wasn’t to be.

Antony, known as a particularly cautious policymaker, reportedly told Panetta politely but firmly that India doesn’t wish to be seen as a U.S. alliance partner as it embarks on its Asia-Pacific strategy. His comments came within days of Panetta’s announcement in Singapore that the United States intended, by 2020, to have 60 percent of its naval fleet based in the Asia-Pacific even as it looks to build new alliances in the region.

Speaking to an audience of strategic thinkers, defense officials, diplomats and journalists at one of the biggest events on the annual Asia defense calendar, Panetta statedthat the “United States military…will be smaller, it will be leaner, but it will be agile and flexible, quickly deployable, and will employ cutting edge technology in the future.

“While the U.S. military will remain a global force for security and stability,” he added the United States “will of necessity rebalance towards the Asia-Pacific region. We will also maintain our presence throughout the world. We will do it with innovative rotational deployments that emphasize creation of new partnerships and new alliances.”

Yet while New Delhi has been open to increasing bilateral engagement with Washington – and does in fact undertake a number of joint exercises across the three defense services – the establishment in India is still wary of any military alliance, or even a formal partnership with the United States.

Why? It’s partly because India doesn’t want to upset China, its main competitor in Asia, by openly embracing the United States.However, more fundamentally, Indian lawmakers and politicians continue to have reservations over the United States itself, doubts born largely from India’s perception of the past half a century that Washington has tended to side with India’s arch rival, Pakistan. 

Antony, who last month became India’s longest serving defense minister, has been especially careful not to publicly cozy up to Washington. Indeed, he has often instructed ministry officials to downplay joint bilateral exercises with the United States, resisted signing deals tied to weapons systems weapons, and he has consistently told officials that India believes any U.S. disputes should be dealt with bilaterally.

As a result, even as India has agreed to scale up training for Afghanistan’s armed forces, it has refused to openly back the U.S. lines on the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean. Although India is aware (and wary) of China’s increasing assertiveness in both expanses of water, it prefers to work with smaller countries in the region – such as Vietnam, the Philippines and Indonesia – as well as China to resolve regional tensions.

Antony raised exactly these issues at Shangri-La. “As countries seek to bolster their capabilities to respond to perceived challenges in the maritime domain, there also arises a need to avoid conflict and build consensus,” he said. “In this connection, keeping in view the issues that have arisen with regard to the South China Sea, India has welcomed the efforts of the parties concerned in engaging in discussion, and the recently agreed guidelines on the implementation of the 2002 Declaration on the Conduct of Parties between China and ASEAN. We hope that the issues will be resolved through dialogue and negotiation.”

According to Defense Ministry sources, Antony’s plain talk, both in Singapore and in bilateral talks with Panetta, was a disappointment to Panetta and U.S. efforts to weave together an “anti-China” alliance. But Panetta apparently hid his disappointment well at a talk delivered immediately after conversations with Antony at the Indian Defense Studies and Analyses (IDSA), a government-funded, New Delhi-based think tank. Indeed, despite the setback, Panetta tried to stay upbeat.

“I believe our relationship can and should become more strategic, more practical, and more collaborative,”Panetta said. “Our defense policy exchanges are now regular, candid, and invaluable. Our partnership is practical because we take concrete steps through military exercises and exchanges to improve our ability to operate together and with other nations to meet a range of challenges. And our defense relationship is growing ever more collaborative as we seek to do more advanced research and development, share new technologies, and enter into joint production of defense articles.”

Still, although Panetta didn’t say so explicitly, accompanying U.S. officials told their Indian counterparts that they are looking to move beyond a transactional relationship between the two countries as far as weapons and platforms are concerned. India, which recently became the world’s largest weapons importer, is in the process of buying U.S. arms worth more than $8 billion dollars over the next two years. However, India is also eyeing high technology, dual-use items. If such deals can be achieved, it would mark a notable shift in the U.S. from the late 1990s, when many Indian entities found themselves sanctioned following India’s twin nuclear tests.

With the changing geo-political environment, and the impending U.S. drawdown from Afghanistan, Washington sees India as a critical partner in ensuring stability and security in Asia, including over cyber and space security, which are seen as potentially major areas of collaboration. This view is backed by two IDSA scholars, Ajey Lele and Cherian Samuel, who argued in a commentary on Panetta’s visit that there are a number of potential areas of military collaboration on space and cyber security, including satellite navigation. They noted that the Indian Space Research Organisation has an ongoing GPS-Aided Geo Augmented Navigation (GAGAN) project that’s expected to yield major benefits for the civil aviation sector.

“Since the currently used GPS does not guarantee the availability of precision services during conflict situations, it is important for India to invest in space assets…India and the United States could work on compatibility and interoperability aspects of both these systems,” they wrote.

Washington can be expected to continue to push New Delhi to accept a role as a lynchpin in a U.S.-led security architecture in Asia. But for now, at least, India will at best be a very reluctant ally.

India promises the moon to Myanmar; Implementation the key

MEA's Press note on India-Myanmar Cooperation

Prime Minister’s visit to Myanmar is taking place after a period of 25 years (the last such visit was undertaken by PM Rajiv Gandhi in December 1987) and represents a major landmark in bilateral relations.

2.The visit comes at a time when Myanmar is undergoing rapid transformation towards a constitutional democracy after nearly five decades of military rule. India has built a multi-faceted relationship that has gained further strength under the newly elected government over the last one year. The visit of the Prime Minister will enable us to build on our existing ties and leverage this to secure a stronger and mutually beneficial relationship with a neighbouring country that is integral to India’s ‘Look East’ policy.

3.The visit provides an opportunity to enrich the substance of our relations, both qualitatively and in scope, and lay down a long term vision and roadmap for a mutually reinforcing bilateral cooperation in a wide range of areas. In this context, several decisions and announcements on new initiatives in the areas of economic cooperation, connectivity, development cooperation, trade and investment promotion, capacity building and human resource development, culture & people to people contacts, and academic exchanges, have been made by the two sides.

4.The projects, inter alia, seek to fill vital gaps in our connectivity and physical infrastructural linkage with Myanmar in the area of highways, railways and civil aviation.

5.During the visit, twelve MoUs were signed. Details of these and other announcements/ decisions during the visit are listed below:

I.Infrastructure and Cooperation Developments

A package of assistance was announced was announced by the Prime Minister during the visit. This includes:

(a)Financial assistance for Border Area Development: The Prime Minister announced India’s support extending financial assistance of US$ 5 million per year for five years for undertaking small developmental projects such as schools, health centres & dispensaries, small roads & bridges, agriculture and agro-processing projects and related training programmes in the Naga Self Administered Zone (in Sagaing Division bordering Manipur) and the Chin State (bordering Mizoram) in Myanmar.

(b)Supply of Bailey Bridges for use in border areas, including in Naga Self Administered Zones to gain access to hitherto accessible areas that would facilitate development of the area.

(c)Construction of Kalewa-Yargyi road sector of the Trilateral Highway:Myanmar side has requested for Indian assistance in the construction/upgradation of the 120 kms of Kalewa-Yargyi road segment as a part of the Trilateral Highway, which also constitutes part of the proposed Asian Highway network. On its part, Myanmar would take up the construction of Yargyi-Monywa road segment. It is estimated that the road would take three years to complete and would allow the proposed Imphal-Mandalay bus service to be operational throughout the year (the road is currently unusable during the rainy season).

(d)Construction/upgradation of 71 bridges along Tamu-Kalewa sector of the Trilateral Highway; The road between Tamu- Kalewa- Kalemyo (TKK), about 160 kms long, in Myanmar has been constructed by Border Roads Organisation (BRO) under the grant assistance of the Government of India. 132 kms have already been completed and handed over to Myanmar in 2009. The remaining 28 Kms is expected to be completed later this year. The Myanmar has requested India for upgradation/ reconstruction of 71 bridges on the TKK Road which are in poor condition and impede the flow of traffic. This would also improve connectivity and facilitate early operationalisation of the proposed Imphal-Mandalay bus service. The project is expected to take three years for completion.

II.CONNECTIVITY

(a)Imphal-Mandalay Bus Service: India and Myanmar have held discussions at the technical level on issues related to introduction of the bus service including the route, frequency, possibility of switching of buses at the border, security, etc. The Prime Minister of India and the President of Myanmar have agreed to introduce a bus service and necessary agreements and infrastructure would be put in place by both sides for operationalising the same at the earliest.

(b)Air: India and Myanmar signed a new Air Services Agreement during the visit of the Prime Minister of India to Myanmar. The agreement provides for expansion of air connectivity between the two countries to cover more carriers, flights and destinations. It provides for 5^th freedom rights that would enable our carriers to combine their flights to Myanmar with other destinations in South East Asia and elsewhere. The agreement is expected to lead to enhancement of direct flights, including by private carriers, between India and Myanmar.

(c)Railways: Recognising the need and importance of working towards rail connectivity, both sides agreed to the setting up of a Joint Working Group on Cooperation in the Railway Sector to examine the issues involved in enhancing rail connectivity, the feasibility of movement of freight from India to the South East Asian Region and cooperation in the railway sector between India and Myanmar.

III.DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION

Building upon the extensive developmental cooperation projects that have been taken up under grant assistance to Myanmar, the following initiatives were agreed to and MOUs signed during the Prime Minister’s visit:

(a)MOU on Setting up of an Information Technology Institute: It has been agreed to establish an IT Institute to be named ‘Myanmar Institute of Information Technology (MIIT)’ with India’s assistance. While the physical infrastructure, including building, faculty and technical staff would be provided by the Government of Myanmar, India would supply the equipment, identify a suitable partner institute in India for exchange programs and knowledge sharing, help in formulation of syllabi, course structure, training modules and conduct training programs for the faculty and technical staff through train-the trainer programmes. Indian support in the areas specified would extend for a period of 5 years to enable the Institute to become self-sustaining. Shri S. Ramadorai, PM’s advisor on Skills Development is associated with the Project as advisor for the establishment of the Institute. An MoU on the establishment of the MIIT was signed during PM’s visit. External Affairs Minister of India and the Minister for Science and Technology from the Myanmar side signed the MoU.

(b)MoU on Establishment of Advanced Centre for Agriculture Research and Education (ACARE): Realising the acute need to strengthen agricultural research, education and extension in Myanmar for the overall improvement of agricultural production and productivity, it has been agreed to establish an Advance Centre for Agricultural Research and Education (ACARE) at the Yezin Agriculture University in Myanmar to be implemented by Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI). The ACARE will have the vision of becoming a 21^st century institution using cutting edge science along with traditional knowledge and ecological conservation and will primarily focus on three areas, namely breeding of better quality and high yielding crop varieties, facilitating access to advanced technology and awareness of better farming practices; and capacity building programmes for training faculty, technicians and entrepreneurs in modern methods of research, latest techniques and technology adoption & application. An MoU on the same was signed during the visit. The signatories were the Foreign Secretary from India and the Deputy Minister for Agriculture and Irrigation from Myanmar.

(c)MoU on Setting up a Rice Bio: In the context of the centrality of rice in the Myanmar agricultural economy and the importance of producing value-added and market-driven rice and rice-related products that would lead to improving food and income security of small farm families, project has been initiated for setting up a Rice Bio Park demonstrating the various techniques in rice biomass utilisation in the Integrated Demonstration Farm at Nay Pyi Taw. The MS Swaminathan Research Foundation (MSSRF), from the Indian side and the Department of Agricultural Research, Ministry of Agriculture of Myanmar (DAR) would be the nodal agencies. The Project is expected to be implemented over a period of four years, involving procurement, supply and installation of all necessary equipment; training of Myanmar personnel in India; deputation of Indian experts for commissioning and for on-the-job training of Myanmar faculty and experts in Myanmar. A MoU on the same was signed during Prime Minister’s visit. Foreign Secretary from India and the Deputy Minister for Agriculture and Irrigation from Myanmar side signed the MoU.

IV.TRADE AND INVESTMENT PROMOTION

(a)MoU on Establishment of Border Haats: During the 4^th Joint Trade Committee (JTC) Meeting held in New Delhi in September 2011, both sides agreed on the utility of setting up Border Haats at various locations along the India-Myanmar border. The establishment of Border Haats would benefit people living in the area and would function on the lines of Border Haats already in operation on the India-Bangladesh border. The MoU provides for the setting up of a Border Haat on a pilot basis at Pangsau Pass, Arunachal Pradesh and for the establishment of other Border Haats as mutually agreed upon. Foreign Secretary from India and the Deputy Minister for Commerce from Myanmar side signed the MoU.

(b)Cooperation in the Banking Sector: Both sides have agreed to enhance banking arrangements for the promotion of trade. It was agreed that Indian banks such as the United Bank of India and other interested Banks would be allowed to open representative branches in Myanmar; India would extend assistance to Myanmar in training and capacity building in the financial sector; RBI and the Central Bank of Myanmar would enter into an MoU for currency arrangements and for enhancing cooperation between the Central banks of the two countries. It was also agreed that the State Bank of India or other banks as mutually agreed would provide technical knowhow to Myanmar Banks.

(c)MoU on establishment of Joint Trade and Investment Forum: A MOU on the establishment of a Joint Trade and Investment Forum involving representatives from industry and Government to enhance bilateral trade and investments was signed during the Prime Minister’s visit. The MoU provides for the forum to hold meetings annually, alternately in India and Myanmar, and be co-chaired by one senior business leader of each side. The Forum would monitor and review the existing mechanisms for enhancing bilateral trade and recommend specific measures to achieve the bilateral trade target of doubling trade volume, encourage private sector investments; and provide trade facilitation. The MoU was signed by the Foreign Secretary from India and the Deputy Minister of Commerce from the Myanmar side.

V.Economic Cooperation

(a)A MoU on the EXIM Bank’s US$ 500 million Line of Credit to Myanmar: A new concessional facility of US$500 million Line of Credit (LoC) to Myanmar was announced during the visit of Myanmar President in October 2011. A MoU for operationalisation of the Line of Credit was signed between the EXIM Bank of India and the Myanma Foreign Trade Bank. The Myanmar side identified various areas, like agriculture and irrigation, railways, power, etc. to be covered under the Line of Credit.

VI.CAPACITY BUILDING AND HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT

India already has a undertaken a number of projects related to training and capacity building. This has been appreciated by the Myanmar side. During the visit, the Prime Minister announced the following:

(i)Increase in ITEC Slots to 500: Prime Minister announced the doubling of training slots under the Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation (ITEC) Programme to Myanmar from the current 250 to 500.

(ii)Training Programmes for Myanmar Parliamentarians and staff: A programme for training of Myanmar parliamentarians and staff by the Bureau of Parliamentary Studies and Training. The programme is expected to start form June 2012.

(iii)Upgradation of the India-Myanmar Center For Enhancement of IT Skills (IMCEITS) in Yangon: IMCEITS was set up in 2008 with financial assistance from Government of India by C-DAC. Since its establishment, IMCEITS has become a premier institution for advanced ICT training in Myanmar, providing specialised training in disciplines identified by the Government of Myanmar. The Centre is also connected to seven Communication Information Centres through VSAT and has since trained nearly 1300 IT professionals in five ICT courses. It has been agreed that India would assist Myanmar in further upgradation of the Centre, including its IT infrastructure; supply of course material; training/workshops; and new upgraded programs.

(iv)Assistance in production of large Cardamom in Naga Self Administered zone (NSAZ): On a request from the Myanmar side, Prime Minister announced India’s assistance in the production of cardamom in Myanmar. The Spices Board of India would be involved in implementation of the project that includes technological support for commercial production of large cardamom in the NSAZ to be undertaken over a period of four years. The components of Indian assistance include training farmers/NGOs and officials of Agricultural Department of Myanmar which would be organised in two/three locations, and of duration of two days at each location, supply of quality seeds and support to farmers/exporters in establishing market linkage. The support would be extended for a period of four years.

(v)Training of Myanmar Diplomats in Conference Management: At Myanmar’s request, India has agreed to provide training in conference management and logistics to Myanmar diplomats in the context of Myanmar's preparation for its ASEAN Chairmanship in 2014. In the above context, a training programme is proposed on (i) International Treaties {Vienna Conventions on Diplomatic/Consular Relations, UN (Privileges and Immunities) Act} and (ii) Conference Management. The training is proposed to be in the nature of "Training of Trainers" and conducted for 25-30 participants over 10 working days.

(vi)Setting up of Language Lab and e-Research centre for Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Myanmar: At Myanmar’s request, Prime Minister announced India’s support for setting up language labs facilities in Nay Pyi Taw and Yangon and an e-Research Centre in Nay Pyi Taw for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Myanmar. It would assist Myanmar as it prepares to take over the ASEAN Chairmanship in 2014.

(vii)Indian Fellowships for Myanmar researchers in Science & Technology: Pursuant to the Programme of Cooperation in Science & Technology for the period of 2012-15, signed during the visit of the President of Myanmar in October 2011, 10 (ten) new fellowships per year have been instituted for Myanmar Researchers to work in Indian Universities and Research Institutions in the areas of Atmospheric and Earth Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Engineering Sciences, Medical Sciences, Mathematical and Computations Sciences, and Physical sciences. These would be offered in the 3 categories- Post Doctoral (6 month), senior fellowship (3-4 months) and visiting fellowship (1-2 months).

(viii)Gifting of Rice Silo at Model Integrated Farm, Nay Pyi Taw: A modern and cyclone proof rice silo that has been constructed with the financial assistance of the Government of India in the Model Farm in Nay Pyi Taw was handed over to the Myanmar side. India had, in March 2011, in the aftermath of the cyclone Nargis extended cash assistance of US$ 2 million for the construction of ten Rice Silos, some of which were inaugurated by EAM during his visit to Myanmar in June 2011.

VII.CULTURAL Cooperation

(a)Cultural Exchange Programme (CEP) 2012-2015: A cultural exchange programme for the period 2012-15 was signed during the visit of the Prime Minister to Myanmar. The Programme provides for exchanges including in the fields of art, architecture, archaeology and media and involves the visit of experts, holding of exhibitions, joint seminars, visits of artistes and troupes etc. It would also facilitate cultural exchanges between the States in the North East of India and Myanmar that share close cultural and ethnic affinities.

(b)Gifting of a 16-foot replica of the Sarnath Buddha: Government of India would gift to the Government of Myanmar a 16 foot statue replica of the Sarnath Buddha to be installed at the Shwedagon Pagoda, Yangon. The statue will be unveiled in the margins of the International Conference on Buddhism to be organised jointly by India and Myanmar in December 2012. During his visit, the Prime Minister will symbolically unveil a smaller replica (about three and a half feet) of the statue during his visit to the Shwedagon Pagoda.

VIII.ACADEMIC EXCHANGES

(a)MoU on Cooperation between Dagon and Calcutta University: A MoU on academic cooperation between Dagon University in Myanmar and the Calcutta University in the areas of exchange of faculty members, students, Administrative Managers/Coordinators, academic materials and other information, joint research activities, participation in seminars and academic meetings, special short-term academic programmes, joint cultural Programmes and study tours of Administrative Managers/Coordinators was signed during the PM’s visit to Myanmar in May 2012. The Vice Chancellor of the Calcutta University signed the MoU from the Indian side.

(b)MoUs on Cooperation between Myanmar Institute of Strategic and International Studies (MISIS) and ICWA and IDSA: Both IDSA and ICWA entered into separate MoUs with the Myanmar Institute of Strategic and International Studies (MISIS). The MoU envisages cooperation in capacity building, organization of joint events and undertaking research projects of mutual interest. Signing of the MoUs would be helpful in facilitating greater and more frequent interaction on an academic level.

(c)Setting up of an Indian School in Yangon: The size of the Indian origin community in Myanmar is estimated at between 1.5 million and 2.5 million and includes people speaking Tamil, Telugu, Oriya, Bengali, Punjabi and Hindustani. Also, the number of Indian nationals in Myanmar for trade/businesses/projects has also been on the rise. The need for an Indian School in Yangon has been felt given the large number of children of the Indian community studying either in local schools or in private schools in Myanmar. During his visit, the Prime Minister announced India’s support to set up an Indian school with technical assistance of Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan to provide children with quality education.

Going down all guns blazing. Gen VK Singh over the past two years

Three days later, Chief of the Army Staff, Gen VK Singh will pass on the baton to his chosen successor Lt. Gen Bikram Singh, currently the Eastern Army Commander.


Days before his retirement, Gen VK Singh has given a spate of interviews. 


I happen to do one too for NDTV, my fourth since he took office on 1st April 2010. 


In every interview he has done with me, I have found him to be forthright, forceful and a man who does not like to mince words. 


Below is the full transcript of the latest interview and the video too.


Just to give a comprehensive overview of what the General's thought process has been, I am also pasting links to my earlier three interviews with him. Make your own judgement.

NDTV:  Let me start with the tenure you had. Eventful and controversial. How do you look back at these 2 years?

Gen VK Singh: Well as eventful as every chief has had because you start somethings, you push somethings, you try to achieve somethings. So i think all chiefs must have felt the same. Some controversies were raised or otherwise, not by me but i think they were percieved by some people. I found it to be a very happy tenure something which one started with aims and certain things I think it has been good.

NDTV: But the controversy, apart from your age controversy, which we will talk about later, the latest controversy which everybody is saying that you are going with guns blazing and you issued a show cause notice to a serving Lt. General which is not fair. What is your take on that particular incident?
Gen VK Singh: See the problem is people don't understand how the army functions. And they are taking out bits and pieces and start making a story out of it. Incident took place in month of December and if I can quote a very senior IB oficer who was looking after north east, he said "it is a blot on the name of army." It was that type of incident. It was outside the juridication of 3 Corps, should never have happened. Court of enquiry took its own time despite we trying to push them. Its come only at the end of April, now just the month of May is left. By the time it has been finalised, so what ever actions could have been taken two months back, if the court of enquiry had come in time. Now they are apprearing as if they are moving at the fag end of the tenure. That's not the case and a show cause notice is a show cause notice so what is so big about it, what is the big deal.

NDTV: No, they are saying that you have tried to upset the succession plan in the Army.
Gen VK Singh: Army is not a monarchy, there is no succession in army, its not hereditary. People come, people are found fit and that is it. Somebody will become chief somebody will not become a chief. More than that there is nothing. My mind is quite clear: some mistakes have occured, a show cause notice was given and I think it has been morally wrong for somebody to go to press with that show cause notice.

NDTV: You mean this serving Lt. General went to press?
Gen VK: Obviously, it is a communication between me and him there is no 3rd party involved. He has got time till 26th he should reply, rather than seek the assistance of the TV channels.

NDTV: You said there is no succession plan in the army, but your entire age controversy is also seen as the part of succession plan, what do you have to say about it?
Gen VK: I wont put it that way. Yes certain things were done by some people to put certain things in place and Ibwont say more than that and I think it has received enough ink and paper in days gone by and there is no point in beating a dead horse. May be after I retire I will talk more freely about it.

NDTV: Are you bitter about it?
VK: No I am not bitter at all. I was never bitter. In fact I can share this, and I have said this in many forums. My ambition in life was to get a rank higher than my father. My father retired as Lt. Colonel, if I attained that I felt very happy and the 2nd part of ambition was that I should command my battalion. I commanded it. I commanded it for 3 years after that whatever has come is bonus. So I think even if I had got one day as chief I would still be ok.

NDTV: So you were not looking for additional...
Gen VK Singh: I was never looking for additional tenure, let me also say that I have told my honourable Raksha mantri the day you feel you dont want me, tell me, I will go away.

NDTV: Did this entire controversy, contrived or manufactured or otherwise, did it affect your working as the Army Chief because you came in with lot of ideas, the first day you told me that the army's internal health must be set right. Do you think that affected it or you could still achieve something?
Gen VK: No it never affected me.  It was something which I put on a different plane all together. My professional life, my committment to the organisation never wavered because that is how I am made. I dont look at these issues as something which will come in the path of what I am doing.

NDTV: But there is also this critisicm which one is increasingly heearing much more as day go by, is that you are going to leave a faction-ridden army, a divided army when you leave your office..
Gen VK Singh: I really don't know, when I go around I talk to people, I talk to my men I talk to my officers, I don't find any factions, I don't find any feuds, don't find any divide. I think lot of people use there imagination to invent certain things and then put it out there, I dont think that is correct. Let me also say most of the army, most of it, does not feel it this way . There may be some disgruntled poeple in a 1.3 million strong army like any other organisation you will have some people who are disgruntled people who will bellyache, people who will crib, well thats part of it.

NDTV: You know they point out 2 or 3 incidents which I must point out to you, you must have heard that you went and inaugurated a former prime minister's bust; then there was some Jantar Mantar rally and also on communal lines a PIL was though to be sort of supported  or tacitly was given support by you against your successor. What do you have to say to that critisim?
Gen VK Singh: All I would say is that a warped mind will only think of warped things. The former prime minister's statue was in a school  which had invited me because I was visting that area which no chief in the history of Indian army has visited and i had gone there to interact with ex servicemen, when they came to know they invited me theys said we have got a statue. I said ex prime minister (so why not) but then there are some great newspapers, there are some great journalist who say oh! he was a rajput,  he(the Army Chief) is a Rajput, I think you cant be more sick that that. Tomorrow somebody visits the memorial of our great PM Lal Bahadur Shahstri, are you going to say that he is a brahmin? I think lets get out of this. similarli i have got no this thing with any PIL infact i dont even have time to see what is happening beyond what my profession is . So what is happening in PIL people went and sat out on jantar mantar, it is there wish where am I in it?

NDTV: somebody, some relative of yours was there at Jantar Mantar or so..
Gen VK Singh: Some relative must be there, some people from my village must have also gone, how does it make a difference. Lets not unnecssarily read things which are not there and describe motives which are wrong.

NDTV: But coming to the other controversial part, the press release that the army issued under your watch against Tejinder singh charging him, not only offering a bribe but being behind the conspiracy to defame you, do you have a regert about issuing that press release and is there is conspiracy against you?
Gen VK Singh: See I will put it this way, there is a media policy which was made in 2005. Army is authorized to do certain things specially when somebody is trying to malign the army and here was a case  where someone was deliberately doing it. It started with so called the bug story, it went on to the off air monitoring system and it persisted and I think I have always told to some journalists who meet me, it is like a mandi. Anybody who is doing anything in this mandi other people come to know and unfortunately this officer was out briefing people, telling them stories in a particular manner and therefore army had to come out and say here is a man who is planting stories and this is what his character is. We have got no regrets.

NDTV: Was there a conspiracy against you by a group of officers?
Gen VK Singh: See the thing is when there are some disgruntled elements when some people have some agendas like the great Sukna lobby had and the Adarsh lobby had, there be more such lobbies which come up obviously there interest coalesce they all come together and they all start thinking that  this is the person who has done A B and C, it has troubled us, now let us trouble him, so this makes a coterie, do all kinds of things, some of them are absolutely sick in mind I think they all require some sort of treatment because you cant do such things that is harming the organisation.

NDTV: But what about the governmnet?  A perception was that there was a lot of difference between you and the government as such, how do you see that relationship which you had with the government and going forward how it should be?
Gen VK Singh: See I dont know if there are differences between me and govenment. My perception of being a chief is I should be truthful and forthright in telling the government  which is the supreme authority that this is what is required and these are the fault lines this is our view and let me assure you I have had an excellent relationship with the honourable raksha mantri. I admire him for his integrity, equanimity and maturity and I haven't found him wanting in any way in the type of support that we wanted. Whatever people might keep saying we have always provided him with the absolutely forthright advice.

NDTV: Do you think the controversies could have been avoided, would you be happier if all this controversies wouldnt have come up?
Gen VK Singh: See the problem is because we started action in the Sukna thing that gentelman wanted to start something because he wanted to use this as his defence so it came up. Well Sukna should have been avoided, buried, the chap should have been given another tamga, another honour and let go, that is one method of dealing with it. I think they have had a hand because their interests they felt were getting erroded to a certain extent because we insisted on transparency, we insisted on ensuring that everything is multi-vendored we insisted on ensuring that everything we take is good. I think that is all we wanted.

NDTV: Same thing happened in tatra when you actually said that everything must go multi vendored, what is the thing that took so long in reference to atra to come up , that allegation or that charge?
Gen VK Singh:  It didnt take me long, the day I was given this lucerative offer I went and told my raksha mantri, thats why I said I admire my raksha mantri, he has said so in the parliament.

Nitin: But he didnt take any action, neither did you that time.
Gen VK Singh: See what I told him was certain things which I did and if there were more things to be done then there must have been some lack of understanding where I am concerned but I think we went as per what was to be done and in any case we were trying to make our things multi vendored even before this was done, the multi vendor thing has started when I came in I said with the technology going up, with better vehicles coming in lets go multi vendor.Why do we have to carry old technology?

NDTV: Let me move away from all these controversies and move on to the transformation study that you have done and the test beds and the implementation of test beds, how far have we come in that aspect?
Gen VK Singh: We have come a long way, transformation was meant to make the Indian Army ready, relevant, agile, better structured and an army which can function in a network centric environment. A great deal of work has been done. We did the test beddings of our organisations where pivot and strike Corps were concerned, we did organisational changes in certain things in army head quarters to make it more effective. There were certain things required in the Corps of Military police, there were things required in the theatreizatin of combat support, we have test bedded. We are in the process of implementing logistic support system which will become more responsive, We have been able to bring a fair degree of awareness of network centricity and I am quite sure by the end of year we will see the results. I think as part of transformation the biggest thing that was required was change of mind sets.

NDTV: I was jus coming to that, did you find a lot of resistance because sometimes I feel more than the civil breaucracy it is the military beauracracy which is more obdurate
Gen VK SinghIt is not like that, I think change is something which is resisted everywhere

NDTV: Is there a change in focus in the Indian Army's doctrines, just the focus in terms of who will be our main adversory-- Pakistan or China?
Gen VK Singh: If you are a capability based army it doesnt matter, when you have created capabilities to deal with any threat that may occur  and we are slowly moving towards that.

NDTV: But have you got support from the government, because your letter again became bone of contention whcih you wrote to the prime minister, who leaked it? Why dont you shed some light on that particular incident.

VK: I really dont know who leaked it but I am quite sure and my army is quite sure that it is not the army that leaked it. Now there can be all kinds of  theories, all kinds of things which we scratch our heads on, somebody is going to find out this. Something came on PTI. But let me assure you, each man in the army knows it cannot be leaked out from the army. Where you talk of support, I think  we have got support. At times  because of our procedure, because of our great ability of not taking decisions in time, because of our internal service procedures where things take too much of time or we dont push things in  manner which  they should be pushed, the shorter tenures you dont have continuity, by the time the person learns his job, he is moving out. So all this have contributed (to the delay), we have put all this in place to sort this out.

NDTV: I have a question on that support itself, in terms of human resuorse management within the army we havent had, as far as my knowledge goes, a Corps commander in one of the Corps in past 6 months; you havent had a DG Assam Rifles for the past 6 months, we dont know who will be the army commander in the east or the West in next 3 days when they should be actually be declared much ahead. Dont you think that there is some kind of disconnect between the army headquarters and the  ministry of defence or some other authority.
Gen VK Singh: This disconnet is sad, all that I can say is that everybody has to make effort.  I have said so in number of forums in which we meet our officials from the MoD that everybody is a stake holder in how the army runs or the airforce runs or the navy runs . Lets not separate out that he is in uniform and he is not, Till the time we don't combine, we will not be able to achieve results and some of these things which you are poiniting out, they are glaring inadequacies of the system.

NDTV: What is your future plan?
Gen VK Singh: I actually havent though of anything, I havent had time to think of what am I going to do after 31st, in fact the 1st thing that is happening which is I am still working on is my doctorate thesis which I am writing, it doesnt' seem to be finishing, I am not satisfied. The subject is Afghanistan and the geo strategic importance of Wakhan. So it will take a little time, I am working on that, because finding time out of all other things that one does and then sitting late at night correcting or work out a thesis it is quite difficult. Like they say in this journey of 1000 steps the first step will start only on 1st of June.

NDTV: Will that step take you towards politics?
Gen VK Singh: I have got no clue at the moment, I havent even thought of it and there are N number of option available which one ultimately you decide on. Only time will tell.

NDTV: I am asking because you have got an offer from  Team Anna also.
Gen VK Singh: That is ok.. all kind of offers will come. You have to decide.

NDTV: When you joined the army in 1970 its been a journey of 42 years now , which is your most satisfying or most memorable moment because you have participated in the Bangladesh campign, you have been to IPKF and you have been in Kashmir, the northeast everywhere . What is it that remains in your memory?
Gen VK Singh :Wars will always remain etched for various things whether it was 71 where  we were busy for a long time it was not just those 16 days  but there was more to it. Operation Pawan was very interesting. One was there for 2 years,  that will remain ever etched. But when you look at a particular tenure and that tenure is the commanding officer's. The whole ambition in life was to command your battalion.

NDTV: So these 42 years if you have to do it again would you do it differently?
Gen VK Singh: No, I think i would like to live it the same way. Well mistakes are there.  Other things are there, let all those lessons remain. But then i always give this little advice which I can give it to you also, live your present. Don't think of the future, nobody has seen the future. If you keep thinking about the future then you will spoil your present also. That's my philosophy. Each day is important, each moment is important and  think each moment of this 42 years is unique by itself.

NDTV: So when you are hanging your boots on 31st, can we say that you are leaving as a satisfied man, an army which is as good as it has been ?
Gen VK Singh: I am satisfied, I am quite sure my army, my family is good and it is a satisfied army.


THE EARLIER INTERVIEWS


(January 2012)
http://www.ndtv.com/video/player/news/general-vk-singh-on-indian-armys-transformation/220943

(July 2010)
http://www.ndtv.com/video/player/news/special-powers-for-special-situations-army-chief/152016

(April 1, 2010)
http://www.ndtv.com/video/player/news/army-must-set-an-example-new-chief/135336